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A MODERNIZED REFUSE-DISPOSAL SYSTEM.
Page 135
Page 136
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Brighouse Finds that Advantages Accrue from the Use of Motors Instead of Horse-drawn Vehicles. The Costs of the Two Methods Compared.
ASYSTEM of refuse collection and disposal, which has been favourably commented upon by Ministry of Health officials and others interested in modern sanitary arrangements, has been in operation fOr some time in the borough of Brighouse, Yorkshire, where two years ago, in place of the insanitary dump system, there was instituted a modern salvage plant. From the transport point of view, the dunip system for the removal of household and trade refuse usually has the advantage of providing disposal centres in various parts of the town, but, from a health point of view, open tips, however well managed they are, cannot compare with the advantages given by a destructor
• plant. • It was the changed conditions bought about by the opening of the refuse-disposal works in Atlas Mill Road, Brighouse, which caused a review of the system of 'collection to be Made. In the old " days, the hauls to the tips were about half to three-quarters of a mile long, five dumps being' scattered about the district. With the erection of the disposal works near the centre of the town the problem was altered, as much of the refuse had to be brought from I,* to 2 miles from the outer districts. The position of the disposal works from a transport point of view was found to be as follows :— actual distances by road to many of the points on the outskirts were greatly in excess of these measurements. In the one to two miles radius there were approximately 1,067 dustbins and 105 ash-pits' and, as. the contents of 50 bins made a ton load, it was considered that horse haulage would be unduly expensive. A weekly collectiOn of dustbins and a. monthly clearance of ash-pits is the rule,' but the dustbins are being introduced throughout the whole area and this is having the effect of making the refuse, as a whole, lighter in weight, but more bulky.
In an interview with a representative of The Commercial Motor, Mr. C. R. Moss, the Sanitary inspector and cleansing superintendent of Brighouse, said that the members of the health committee were more than satisfied with the results achieved by the introduction of motor collection. The opening of the salvage works had brought undoubted advantages in the health and sanitation of the area and the
expenses of collection and disposalat one central point had not been so great as was anticipated. The use of motors has brought a considerable saving on the old method of horse transport, and last year the collection of refuse by motor vehicle cost the borough £1,676, compared with an estimated cost of £2,067 forcarrying out the work by team labour.
Two Morris-Commercial 30-ewt. vehicles with enclosed tipping bodies, built to Mr. Moss's design, are in use and included in the total collection cost is a sum of £139 for the depreciation of these vehicles. The motors are accompanied' by two . men, who work as loaders, in addition to the drivers and, while the lorries are discharging their loads, the men are engaged in removing bins in readiness for quick loading.
One vehicle has an area on the north side of the borough to within lAlf a mile of the disposal works, whilst the other has the portion to the south with a similar inner boundary. The area within half a
mile of the disposal works is covered by horse-drawn wagon, but at a suitable time the horse transport will be eliminated. The district is extremely difficult to work on account of the hills and some of the streets on which the motors operate have gradients as steep as one in three. Incidentally, there are 3,958 dustbins and 361 ash-Pits in the area, which has a population of 20,100.
The loads are all weighed on arrival at the disposal works and last year 62 per cent, of the refuse was brought in by the motor vehicles. The motors have an excellent record for reliability. No. 1 vehicle actually worked 13,127.25 hours and No. 2 vehicle, which was obtained during the year, worked 10,904 hours. No. 1 vehicle lost only .37.25 hours for repairs, giving an efficiency of 99.56 per cent„ and No. 2 vehicle lost only 4.5 hours, giving an efficiency of 99.95 per cent., these figures being calculated on a total mileage of 3,767 and 2,464 ,respectively. The petrol consumption workedout at 7.9 and 7.3 miles per gallon respectively and, although this is a corn
paratively high figure, there is an extraordinary number of stops and starts during a day's journey and the difficult hills to be climbed must be taken into account.
The total tonnage brought in by motor vehicle was 2,054 and by horse transport 1,521, the average weight per load being 1 ton 2 cwt. 2.6 qrs. in the case of the motors and 18 cwt. 2 qrs. by horsed vehicle.
Last year 192,298 dustbins and „ 5,052 ash-pits were emptied, the bins being cleared 52 times and the ash-pits 12 times each. Including depreciation charges, the net cost of collection per 1,000 of the population was £85 4s. and, when depreci
atton is not included, £78 16s. 46. per 1,000. The net cost per 1,000 houses worked out at £276 16S. lid. with loan charges included and at £256 Os. 86. without loan charges. The cost of collection, including loan charges, was equivalent to a rate of 3.196. in the pound, the rates of the borough at the present time being 12s. 86. in the pound: During the last year team labour was used for tipping, the collection of the refuse of the borough cost £1,753, at an estimate of Os. Sicl. per ton, but, with the introduction of the central-refuse-destructor system, it was reckoned that team labour would cost £2,067, or 7s. 1116. per ton. Actually, there has been a reduction in collection costs compared with those incurred in the days of the dumping system, even considering that the hauls today are much longer, and the previous sum of £1,753 spent in collection and haulage to the tips now compares with a sum of £1,676 expended last year. The committee would have been satisfied to keep the cost at the former figure of £1,753, but is gratified that the actual cost has been reduced in addition to a much healthier era being Introduced with the new plan.
The refuse-disposal plant has been arranged for easy handling of the loads brought in. At the gate the lorries pass over a weighbridge and a record is made of the weight of the load. A well-made road from the gate to the destructor contrasts with the loose material over which the vehicles had to pass to the tips in the old days and the loads are tipped into a hopper which raises, the load to an overhead revolving screen. The hopper is covered by a shed under which the loads are tipped. No litter is blown about and the refuse passes into the elevator with the disturbing of a minimum of dust.
The material is screened to take out first the dust and then the cinders and next passes along a travelling belt, which is so arranged that all salvable materials are conveniently displayed for removal by operators into classified storage hoppers. After the sorting, the remainder of the ref-use is passed on and is finally fed into the incinerator.
The dust and cinder hoppers are arranged to deposit their contents without the need for handling.