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THE OLYMPIA SHOW.

Second Notice of the Accessory, Component, Stores and Tire Exhibits.

Our first report of the interesting exhibits, under the four divisions selected for brief treatment, began last week, and we are able to conclude it now, with the exception of our references to some of the electric ignition systems, which are unavoidably held over. That no small interest was taken in our introductory report of last week is quite evident, for" No. 88" enjoyed a brisk sale at "THE COMMERCIAL MOTOR" stand. This interest on the part of so many visitors had confirmed us in our intention to publish this week's issue sufficiently long in advance of our ordinary publishing hour to enable us to have a good supply of copies containing the second report on sale at Olympia by Tuesday afternoon, the 20th instant, and to post this number to the whole of our mail and subscribers list by an early post on Wednesday morning, if not sooner.

The accessory, component, stores and tire exhibits, to which we refer at considerable length on this and the following pages, are of general application for delivery-van requirements, although some of them are, obviously, too ornate for purely utility purposes. That quality, whilst a recommendation in the eyes of the owner who limits his interest to the private car, amounts to nothing less than a reproach in the judgment of the business man. Further enquiry proves, however, in such cases, that most of the exhibitors have before them the necessity for a "second line " of supplies to suit proprietors of commercial motors—second, of course, in finish and price, but not as regards intrinsic worth.

Many of the stands contain, more or less, details which, as they are presented, cannot fail to be of real interest to those who have to deal with the types of vehicle which this journal follows. There are sufficient evidences of distinct movements in certain directions to show the way in which designs, generally, are in keeping with engines of the size required for buses, vans and lorries. It is evident, from the large engines shown amongst the components, that care is still largely being paid to simplicity and compactness. In lubrication, the forced or pressure supply to both main bearings, and, also, to " big ends," will soon be the rule rather than the exception, whilst ball and roller bearings are becoming firmly established as essential parts of heavy car design.

Ever since the experimental stage of motor work was passed, the necessity, for using the best of material, to give strength combined with the greatest possible lightness, has been recognised. This point is receiving constant attention, and one feature of the Show is the proof of the skill that is evidently being applied to ensure accuracy of work in conjunction with the highest class of material attainable. Drivers' Clothing.

Every type of garment suitable either for motorbus or goods-vehicle drivers may be found in many stalls in the gallery. Some wonderful bargains in leather coats are to be seen, and there is a general tendency this year to lower the prices of the coats which have to stand hard wear, and rough usage, and this without, in any way, sacrificing the quality. The result is that a really good plain black leather driving coat can be had for as low a sum as ,L2 as.

DRYKITT, LIMITED, of 369, Oxford Street, W. (Stand No. 226), makes a feature of supplying a complete outfit in black leather, consisting of jacket, breeches, cap, gloves, and last, but not of least importance, a pair of well-cut leggings, for the low price of £3 35. Many patterns of coats made from real Irish frieze are on view, and one pattern in particular is excellent value at £5 5s. This ulster is a speciality, and can be bought either in single-breasted designs, or with a wide flap which makes a rain and cold proof covering for the winter weather ; foremen drivers should make a point of examining this pattern, as the coat, once purchased, should last for years.

ALFRED DUNHILL, LIMITED, of 159361, Euston Road, N.W. (Stand No. 182), has an assortment of new coats, which are shown at this exhibition for the first time. The visitor's aftention is drawn to two coats, which are hung on frames; these bear cards which read" 1806 "and " toci6 " respectively. The former is the exact pattern of the driving coats which used to be worn a hundred years ago by coach drivers. This garment is made in light drab box-cloth, lined with wool, and is furnished with very large pearl buttons, whilst a finishing touch is found in the wide velvet collar. Side by side with this example of a coat similar to those in vogue in the old coaching days, is the present-day motor-driver's ulster. Instead of the light-coloured cloth, it is cut from dark material, which will not show oil-stains, or mud. The design is double-breasted, and one side is provided with a storm-flap, which, effectually, shuts out the most severe weather. The back has an inverted pleat, and this opens when the wearer sits down, so that it gives plenty of protection to the knees, and fronts, of the driver's legs. There is, on the same stand, a large variety of leather motor gloves and gaiters, in the usual stock patterns.

A. W. GikmAcE, LIMITED, of Holborn, E.G. (Stand No. 212), has a large stand which is, literally, packed with every conceivable accessory for the lighter types of commercial motors. .Nrotor clothing is a feature with this company, and a driver's doublebreasted ulster in Irish frieze, and lined with leather, is marvellous value at 4'5 5s. A black leather driving coat, also double-breasted, is a splendid overall for rough and dirty work. Another new form of driver's coat has an attached apron, which, when not in use, turns back, and buttons inside the coat. The apron is a good idea, and one which should be appreciated by motormen.

THE LACRE MOTORCAR COMPANY, LIMITF.D, Of i IO 5, Poland Street, Oxford Street, W. (Stand No. 222), has a very representative assortment of motor clothing, suitable for all classes of motorists. Ulsters, in many designs, are displayed, and a blackleather model, lined with tweed, is very good value at Li lbs. This price is not the lowest at which reliable goods are supplied, but those who care to invest the above sum may be certain, of getting a coat which will last for years. Leather jackets can be obtained for 15s., whilst, for an additional 55., a similar one can be had in picked skins.

LOVEGROVE'S, Luarrao, of 175, Piccadilly, W. (Stand No. 183), has a large stock of all descriptions on their stand. Drivers' coats and liveries, suitable for delivery-van drivers, are also on exhibition, whilst some cheap and good examples of leather ulsters can be inspected. The above company, in addition to those mentioned earlier, shows many different styles of coats, and other garments, for use when motoring; these, however, appeal more to the drivers of pleasure cars, and, for that reason, they are not detailed.

Alarm Devices.

A reliablo horn is a necessity for all classes of self-propelled vehicles. Syrens have a certain vogue at present, but it is a debateable point whether the metallic roar of a horn is not preferable to the scream of the syren. Each is, possibly, equally objectionable. Why is it that makers of commercial vehicles fit a cheap and frail horn as the final finish to the general effect'? Horns may frequently be seen which are held in the correct position by a piece of rope, or, even, by a bootlace. Hooters which will stand the vibration of a pleasure car, running on pneumatic tires, give in, hopelessly, when bolted to some portion of a heavy vehicle, whose wheels are shod with solid tires, be they ever so resilient. There is a tendency, however, to make the trumpet portions and fittings of horns much stronger than used to be the case, as users find that it is better to pay a fair price, and to receive a practical instrument in return. Drivers, who are now often held responsible for the state and preservation of the hooters, will welcome this improvement ; more than one owner now books the horns to the men and not to the vehicles.

Horns and syrens are shown on nearly all the stands in the gallery, but real novelties are absent.

BRAMSOM, KENT, AND COMPANY, LIMITED, of 40, Great Eastern Street, E.C. (Stand No, 193), shows an excellent hooter at ;CI 35. 6d. : this would be suitable for delivery vans whose owners aim at the vehicle's having a smart appearance. The instrument is shown in two sizes, " No. 1175," price 19s., and

the larger type mentioned above. A special fitting is made to accompany nearly all the company's horns, to enable them to be fitted to the driver's seat, with despatch and security.

ALFRED DUNHILL, LIMITED, Of 359, and 361, Euston Road, N.W. (Stand No. 182), exhibits some designs, which, although they have been brought out, primarily, for pleasure cars, will appeal to owners of commercial motors, as being strongly constructed, and well able to withstand any amount of rough usage. No. " 1847 " in the Company's catalogue would, if manufactured in a plain finish, and sold at a less cost, be a good design to adopt, owing to its compactness.

Lifting Jacks.

MESSRS. ADAMS, PRICE AND COMPANY, of 30, Monson Colonnade, Tunbridge Wells (Stand No. 255). We have, in our issue of the t5th instant, drawn attention to the specialities in jacks made by this firm. The only addition necessary to the foregoing notice is to mention the fact that the stand contains an apparatus for demonstrating the ease with which the jacks may he made to raise weights up to three tons.

The various parts of one of the larger machines is displayed upon a board, to show the workmanship.

Carburetters.

BROWN AND BARLOW, LIMITED, I6 and 17, Loveday Street, Birmingham (Stand O. 179), makes a speciality of a float-feed carburetter for engines up to 4oh.p. The body of the apparatus is built upon an extruded base, thus obviating the use of castings, and, at the same thile, producing a very neat appearance. The float and jet chambers are constructed from seamless tubing.

The different forms of carburetters made by the company can be obtained with heating jackets, and hot-air inlet valves, for use with very large engines. The prices are reasonable, when the high-class workmanship is taken into account, and no extra charge is made for the hot-air inlet valve.

A new balanced piston throttle-valve is, also, exhibited, This is so arranged that there is an equal force exerted from the suction of the engine on both sides of the valve, Automatic air-inlet valves are manufactured as well ; these are of a simple pattern, and any necessary adjustment can be made from the outside with great ease.

A petrol gauge, operated by air pressure, is also shown upon the stand. This consists of a brass tube, about 16 inches long and inch in diameter, a piece of rubber tubing, and a vertical glass tube, tilting in a brass frame. The brass tube is soldered into the petrol tank, by cutting a small orifice at its top, and the rubber tubing is then attached. Before use, the glass tube is filled with glycerine, slightly coloured with some red pigment, and the other end of the rubber tubing is attached to the bottom of the glass tube. The apparatus acts after the manner of a barometer, as the greater the depth of petrol in the tank, the greater the air pressure in the tube; the variation is thus shown in the glass by the glycerine's rising, or falling.

Tire Pumps.

MESSRS. G. T. RICHES AND COMPANY, of 19, Store Street, Tottenham Court Road, London, W.C. (Stand No. 181), shows a large assortment of accessories. A triple-action pump for pneumatic tires, at LI MS., would make a useful addition to a garage, whilst a swivelling electric lamp, constructed to be clamped to the steering column, should be appreciated by drivers, as the beam of light can be directed upon any of the fixtures upon the dash.

Ross, COURTNEY AND COMPANY, LIMITED, of Ashbrook Road, Upper Holloway, N. (Stand No, 192), exhibits, among a variety of useful productions designed for motorists of all classes, a neat petrol pourer. 'The appliance is 'made to fit the two usual sizes of sockets found upon petrol cans, viz.,

inch and ri inch in diameter. No funnel is required when using the pourer, and it ensures the rapid filling of a tank, without the bubbling up of the petrol so often experienced. A strainer, to keep back any sediment, is fitted_ The company makes a feature of its time-saver pump for garages these have two barrels, and are both rapid and powerful under working conditions. Other useful specimens are those of different sizes of petrol cocks, having a spring at the bottom of the plug, in place of the usual nut.

Messrs. J. LACOSTE AND COMPANY, of 176 and 1-76a, Shaftesbury Avenue, W.C. (Stand No. 221), are showing a really neat form of triple-barrel footpump. It is very powerful, and, a detail of importance, is made entirely in England. A tire tester is attached to the bottom casting, and this reads up to as high a pressure as 2501b. on the square inch. This is the only fault which can be found with it, for the simple reason that some misguided layman might attempt to blow a tire up to the maximum dial pressure, with disastrous results to the tire. The price of the pump, complete, finished in polished brass, is .4:3 35.

A useful form of valve tester is exhibited by BROWN BROTHERS, LIMITED, of 29 and 30, Great Eastern Street, E.C. (Stand No 178). It is carried in a small case, and, after a tire has been inflated, the end of the instrument is pressed upon the valve's stem ; this has the effect of liberating a portion of the air, by forcing down the central pin, usually to be found in valves which have to bear a considerable pressure. Beyond the weight of the hand, no means of attachment is provided, the result being that the air pressure in each of the four tires on a vehicle can be ascertained very quickly. The price is los. 6d.

" Hallite " washers are also shown, and these can be supplied in any form and in any quantity. A useful little tool on the stand is made in the form of a pair of small spring tongs, with both

ends bent sideways at right-angles to the legs. It is used when filling a cut in a tire with composition. The legs of the tool are closed in the hand, and the two ends are slightly pressed into the rubber on each side of the cut. The hand is removed, and the sides of the cut are forced apart for repairing.

Lamps.

Amongst the varied exhibits arrayed in the gallery, the large show of lamps, of all types and sizes, forms a notable feature. Although it is true that the great majority of these exhibits are of the highly-finished and more expensive Form of head and tail light, a certain number of lamps more modest in general appearance and constructed of heavier materials are shown by several makers, who offer these as suitable for employment on motorbuses, delivery vans, and steam lorries. In view of the rough work, in all conditions of weather, a special effort has been made to render these lamps as durable as possible, and, in order to minimise the labour required to keep them in a presentable state as regards their appearance, the use of black japan on these types has, generally, been adopted. This, with brass mountings, makes a clean and simple finish that demands no more than a daily careful "wipe down "by the driver in charge, and the occasional use of a little metal polish on the bright parts. A useful note of caution to drivers is that offered by one firm of lamp makers, which points out that lamps should always be removed when washing a vehicle.

The new patterns, for 1907, of the " King of the Road " commercial vehicle lamps, shown on Stand No. 196, by JOSEPH LUCAS, LIMITED, of Birmingham, whose London deptlt is at 224, Shaftesbury Avenue, W.C., have, already, successfully passed through the trial stage. They are supplied only in black japan, with brass parts, and are constructed of heavy gauge metal. All the component parts arc interchangeable, a feature which makes it very easy to replace any damaged section. The pieces are joined mechanically, and are independent of solder. The method of fixing the oil vessel to the body of the lamp is such as to make it perfectly secure and free from the had results of mud or dust. Two round sockets are fitted, and the side screws in these are secured by an internal check to guard against their loss. The side lamp is designed to burn for 20 hours ; it has a .1-inch petroleum burner, and weighs 4lb. ; the list price is 3os. The tail lamp, which has a 4-inch red glass and a white lens, 21 inches in diameter, is Vb. lighter, burns 16 hours, costs 215.

M. ANDRE A. GOWN, of 1, Red Lion Square, Holborn, W.C., on his stand (No. 210), shows a large number of Ducellier lamps, including acetylene head lights, and paraffin, and electric side, and tail, lamps. in the acetylene class the gas is supplied by Ducellier generators in which it is obtained from ordinary commercial carbide of calcium. One tap controls the lighting, the extinguishing and the regulation of the supply of the gas, which, having to pass through two filters, arrives pt the burner in a really dry and cold state. On the stand (No. 182) of ALFRED DUNHILL, LIMITED, is a much-needed addition to the plant of a garage in which electric light is not employed. This is a safety lamp on the Davy principle : it can be lighted outside the building, and the front locked. The lamp is then ready for use in connection with night repairing work, and otherwise dangerous repairs, or operations near petrol tanks, can be undertaken with safety: Where petrol is employed, i and stored n any quantity, such a lamp is a desideratum.

Wilson Browne lamps are being shown (on Stand No. 205) by ED. J. HARDY, of Coventry, Midland agents for Messrs. J. WILSON BROWNE AND SON, of 34 and 35, Ludgate Hill, Birmingham. These " Uneedalite " lamps are made in various patterns and sizes, suitable for every class of motor vehicle. Side lamps, with parabolic reflectors and patent locking arrangements to prevent the loss of the containers, are made, in the car size, of extra strength, with removable front glasses and double side-brackets, for use on motorbuses. A reflecting tail lamp, with a lens arranged to throw a light on the side of the road in order that the driver can tell whether, or no, the lamp is alight, can also be obtained from this firm, in japan and brass finish, at a moderate price.

WELDHEN AND BLERIOT, LIMITED, Of

53-54, Long Acre, W.C. has on its stand (No. 197a) an excellent show of lamps, both for acetylene and paraffin, and the Bleriot acetylene generator forms another interesting exhibit.

On the stand of UNITED MOTOR INDUSTRIES, LIMITED (No. 194), side lights in japan and brass are, also, to be seen, and other useful lamps appear on the stands of HOWES AND BURLEY, LIMITED (Stand No. 187), the ROTA,/ MOTOR ANI) CYCLE COMPANY (Stand No. zoo), POWELL AND HANMER, LIMITED (Stand No. 229), the LACRE MOTOR CAR COMPANY, LIMITED (Stand No. 222), A. W. GAMAGE, LIMITED (Stand No. 212), SALSBURY AND SON, LIMITED (No. 214), and others.

Various.

UNITED MOTOR INDUSTRIES, LIMITED, 45 and 46, Poland Street, Oxford Street, W. (Stand No. 194), has a large stand fitted with numerous interesting small parts for motors. The Truss patent ventilating fan is a departure from ordinary practice, and the illustration depicts two forms in which it is manufactured. Patents have been granted in many foreign countries, and one of the principal advantages claimed for it, over the usual type, is that a larger volume of air, at a greater pressure, can be sucked inwards, whilst the power necessary to rotate the fan is considerably less. Either wood or aluminium is used in the construction of the fans, and both makes are reasonable in price. A fan, 14 inches in diameter, costs, in wood, ,473 is., whilst, in aluminium, the price is 4;3 12s. The form and construction are new.

A speciality is the " B " make of oil gun for lubricating parts of engines which are awkward to get at. In this make, the piston is a true fit within the cylinder, which renders packing unnecessary. The gun is made in various sizes, but one with a capacity for three ounces of oil is the one most generally sold ; its price is mos., finished in brass.

W. IL WELLcox AND COMPANY, LIMITED, of 23, Southwark Street, E.C. (Stand No. x99), exhibits a new gun-metal steam-pressure lubricator, designed for motor wagons, tractors, and the like. It is specially constructed to withstand the shocks and jars always experienced with steel-tired wheels. Steam is admitted at one side of a piston, whilst the lubricating oil is contained in the other end of the cylinder. A drip-feed glass is carried, vertically, on the side of the luhricator. A rod, connected to the piston, is brought through the end of the cylinder which contains the oil ; this is fitted with a knob, and acts as a tell-tale, to show when the oil-chamber is empty. The price of the apparatus is 47 complete.

" jointite " washers are highly recommended for joints which are subjected to high degrees of heat. Special patterns can be made to purchasers' templates. The price is 45. per pound, in all thicknesses.

The " Groco " water gauges appear to fill a want for steam-wagon boilers. The peculiarity of this gauge is that the wate in the glass has a colour of inky blackness, whilst the steam space is perfectly white. An ordinary gauge, especially when the light is indifferent, is extremely hard to read accurately, for the reason that the water and the glass are, practically, one colour. This difficulty is overcome by using a " Groco," whilst, on the other hand, the price is only slightly in excess of the ordinary types. The body of the new gauge is made from solid gunmetal, and the glass is about g: inch in thickness. (See page 247.)

ALFRED DUNHILL, LIMITED, of 395 and 36/, Euston Road, N.W. (Stand No. 182), is making a feature of electrically-heated warmers for garages. The following are some of the advantages claimed for the apparatus : perfect safety; small initial outlay ; no maintenance costs (other than current); and, no attention necessary. No. 415, at a consumptiem of 3 B.T.U. per hour, will heat a room having a capacity of between 3,700 and 4,500 cubic feet. Smaller patterns are constructed, and any ,number can, naturally, be used, according to the proportions of the building to be heated.

E. M. BOWDEN'S PATENTS SYNDICATE, LIMITED, of Baldwin's Gardens, Gray's Inn Road, Holborn, E.C. (Stand :■■cl. 25t), exhibits a number of ways in which the Bowden wire mechanism can be adapted to the control levers of motors. A new mileage recorder is shown : this consists of a length of Bowden wire, at one end of which is fitted a small bell-crank, a leg of which is attached to the wire cable. The recording device is connected to the second end of the cable, and the apparatus works as follows : A small eccentric ring is bolted to the inner side of one of the front wheels, and one leg of the bell-crank bears upon this ring, the consequence being that, as the front wheel revolves, the wire cable is made to reciprocate within its casing. The distance is recorded on the dial, through the media of a " pecker " and a small ratchet wheel. Price, complete, MESSRS, ROTHERHAM AND SONS, of Coventry (Stand No. igo). Three specimens of new automatic-feed lubricators are shown for the first time. Details of their construction arc, unfortunately, not at present available, as they had only been finished just in time to allow of their being exhibited.

MESSRS. J. LACOsTE AND COMPANY, 17() and 176a, Shaftesbury Avenue, W.C. (Stand No. 221), show some useful tool kits, suitable for delivery-van running repairs and adjustments. The kits are put up in the form of rolls, and are fitted with tools of British make.

MESSRS. G. T. Ric ass AND COMPANY, of 19, Store Street, Tottenham Court Road, W.C. (Stand No. t8f), exhibit a new brown waterproofed-canvas roll, which is fitted with a stock of 15 useful tools, including a hand-vice ; the price of the roll, complete, „C, I 58. A small than which should be included in a motorist's list of tools is a split-pin extractor. This is nothing more or less than a species of punch, with the smaller end bent over to a considerable angle. The tool is sold for the modest sum of &I.

Comparatively few lathes or machine tools are on view, but Lonwto LoEwr

AND COMPANY, LIMITED, Of FatTingdOTI

Road, Clerkenwell, E.C. (Stand No. 253), shows an exceptionally fine screwcutting and front-surfacing lathe, with 61-inch centres. The back gear is carried beneath the mandrel, and the accuracy of the square-thread lead screw is guaranteed to 1-i,000th of an inch per foot of length. Two taper attachments are fitted : the first is carried on two brackets, behind the bed, and is used for comparatively steep cones; the second is the usual form in which the back headstock sets over, and this is used, only, for lorry tapers. The price is 10.

RICHARD MELIJUISII, LIMITED, Of 84,

85, and 87, Fetter Lane, E.C. (Stand No. 211) stages a 5-inch Drummond lathe, which is capable of dealing with nearly all the repairs to be found in a garage. The tool has been specially designed for motor work, and will do sliding, screw-cutting, or surfacing work. The table is slotted, and Whitworth threads, as well as metric and gas threads, can be cut. Price

This tool is illustrated on ppge 246; it is made on new lines, expressly for use in motor repair shops,

Lubricants.

TIIE LACRE MOTORCAR COMPANY, LIMITED, of i to 5, Poland Street, Oxford Street, W. (Stand No. 222), makes a feature of its special lubricant, for chains and gearboxes. It can be supplied in large quantities, and is reasonable in price. The preparation is excellent for chains, as it does not unduly collect dust and dirt.

MESSRS. THE STERN-SONNEBORN OIL

ComeAxv, of 57, Gracechurch Street, E.C. (Stand No. 171), have numerous examples of greases, and oils, for all classes of motors. The graphitic gear grease has commanded very large sales, and is most successful in use. " Sternonslip " is a new mixture for belts; it acts as a preservative, and, at the same time, keeps a belt supple. Users of lathes will find that "Saponal" is an excellent lubricant for screwcutting, etc., and it is cheap in price.

THE VACUUM OIL COMPANY, LIMITED, of York House, Norfolk Street, Strand, W.C. (Stand No. 189), now makes a special grease for all purposes, and only supplies different grades when asked to do so. The stand contains a large number of different qualities of oils of the company's well-known make.

PR ICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPAN v, LimrrEo, Belmont Works, Battersea, S.W. (Stand No. 219).It was unfortunate that, when drawing numbers for the stands, the company had this area allotted to it in an obscure corner of the gallery.

The preparation called "Curroleum" gives most satisfactory results ; it is an excellent preservative, and lubricant, for clutch leathers, belts, and the like.

Another speciality, to which many users of self-propelled vehicles pin their faith, is called " Cirogene "; this is a wax lubricant, and is manufactured for chains. Although the price of the substance is somewhat higher than the usual lubricants for chains, it has been winning its way into favour among users of motors, botn at home and abroad, for some time. The preparation is sold in handy tins.

The exhibits of standard lubricating oils is well worthy of examination, and special prominence is being given to

those oils which are similar to the ones used in the recent Tourist Trophy Trials.

In order to overcome the doubts and difficulties that have been experienced by buyers, as to the quality of the oils that they purchase, Price's, Limited, is showing, for the first time, a new form of enamelled and sealed tin. This tin is made in such a way that it is impossible for the oil to be tampered with, as the seal would immediately betray the fact. Many other sundry exhibits of lubricants will be found upon the stand, which is filled with examples of all the company's products.

Nearly all the well-known oil companies exhibit at Olympia, but new oils or greases are absent. It is, therefore, unnecessary to mention them.

Radiators.

There are several makers stage radiators which are adaptable to commercial vehicles, and of these both JOHN MARSTON, LIMITED, Of WOIVEThairlpI0I1 (Stand No; 263), and ORms, EVANS AND COMPANY, LIMITED, of Phnix Works, Wolverhampton (Stand No. 200a), show a good range of wellfinished articles.

THE DOHERTY MOTOR COMPONENTS,

Lu.trrED, also show several radiators suitable for buses. One of these is ot the horizontal-tubular type, with circular gills, and arranged so that the water tank surrounds the sides and top of the radiator proper. In another example the tank is separate from the tubes. The speciality of this company, as far as commercial vehicles are concerned, is the "honeycombed-gill " radiator, which gives a tubular radiator of great strength with the appearance of a honeycomb. The general construction will readily be seen from the illus. tration, but an example shown is even stronger, for the top and bottom edges of the gills are bent over and fastened to the sides of the ones in front. This, with the long-folded strips of metal pul in the front, gives remarkable strength to withstand any of the small blows to which commercial vehicles are always likely to be subjected in town traffic. Although the subject of alloys, both bronze and white metals, is one of absorbing interest to the motor manufacturer, the special exhibits of this character arc practically confined to that of WILLANS AND ROSINSON, LIMITED, of which we wrote briefly last week. This company shows both bronze and white bearing-metals, cast by their " Eatonia" process, which is the name given to the method of casting or manufacture, and not to one particular and distinctive mixture. To use a simple illustration, these complex mixtures consist of a " sponge work" of a hard character, and the spaces in this are filled with a matrix of a softer alloy. Upon the metal's cooling, the harder alloy sets first, and, oftentimes, in contracting-, forces some of the softer substance out, when liquation is said to take place. With the " Eatonia " process, the

harder spongy-shaped substance is much finer and better distributed, with the result that liquation is prevented to a great extent, and a closer-grained and denser metal results.

On the Willans and Robinson stall (No. 202) are two very instructive castings in the form of bushes. The first of these was cast by ordinary methods, and shows signs of considerable liquation, whilst the second, made by the "Eatonia" process, practically shows none. White metals arc particularly suitable for well-lubricated surfaces, and, with forced lubrication coming in as it is, bearings of this class, made by the "Eatonia" process, are likely to come largely in vogue. Clarkson, Limited, Commercial Motors, Limited, and the Lancashire Steam Motor Company, Limited, are among the users of these bearings.

Axles.

Several firms show axles which, for size and design, are comparable with those used in motorbuses. Of these the chief, perhaps, are the examples in "Vanadium "steel, shown by Wu-LANs AND ROBINSON, LIMITED (Stand No. 202). The best axles are those which are wholly forged, as it is now recognised, almost generally, that the extra work put into metal when forging, compared with the treatment it receives by the quicker method of stamping, is a material advantage.

Amongst the pleasure motorcars on the Beaufort stand is shown a WARWICK MOTOR AXLE, of the type which is applied to the front wheels of all the Beaufort buses. It will be seen from our illustration that the forked end of the axle rests on balls fixed to an elongation of the hub. These balls, both in the axle and on this bearing piece, fit into coned holes, so that the two pieces are always kept central and in position. To place the axle in position, the making-up piece, shown in the illustration just above the lower jaw of the axle, is taken out : the axle can, then, be easily fixed, and, the making-up piece being replaced, all possibility of the hub's becoming displaced is prevented. it is claimed for this device that a very small turning radius is required, which facilitates turning, whilst the arrangement makes lubrication easy, and prevents entrance of dire The sole agents for this axle are Messrs. A. H. LACY AND COMPANY, LIMITED, of 235, High Holborn, W.C.

Bearings.

We dealt, in our last issue, with the ball bearings of the HOFFMANN MANUFACTURING COMPANY, LIMITED, of Chelmsford, and gave two examples of the method used in adapting them to motorcar work. The same remark applies to the HYATT flexible roller bear ing, and it is interesting to note that two of the users of these are the Yorkshire Patent Steam Wagon Company, of Leeds, and Messrs. Broom and Wade, of High Wycombe, the latter having them fitted throughout to their 3-ton paraffin lorry, with successful re sults. The illustration we gave on page 226 was of a bearing suitable for a motorbus, the end thrust being taken up on fibre collars as shown. We understand that several buses are being fitted with these bearings, not only on the wheels, but also on the gear box.

UMW. LOEWE AND COMPANY, LIMITED, of Farringdon Road, London, E.C. (Stand No. 253), shows a good range of its " D.W.M." ball bearings; we give an illustration. of one type. It will be seen from this that the balls

themselves are separated one from another by small springs, or buffers. This materially reduces the friction which must result when balls running in opposite directions touch one another; it, also, permits of the balls being easily put in position, which is done by allowing the races to conic closely together, placing the balls in the bottom of the interior of the larger race, and then separating each ball by a spring. This bearing will take either a load or thrust, or both if one is large and the other small and intermittent ; but, where both are great, as with bevel wheels, a special end-thrust bearing should be used in addition. This latter type consists of similar races, but with the groove at right-angles to the axle of the shaft. The bails are kept in position, and apart, by means of two brass rings with holes somewhat smaller than the diameter of the ball. The outer side of one race, or collar, is made spherical to allow an equal load to be taken by each ball.

Messrs. H. AND D. Feierw.NuAIN, of 67 and 68, Bunhill Row, London, E.C. (Stand No. 2'8), show ball bearings, of the " F. and S." type, made by Messrs. Fichtel and Sachs, of Schweinfurt. In these, as will, be seen from our illustration, the balls are kept apart by a special cage, which is in two parts, and, clipping them loosely, is held together itself by small screws, the ends of which are riveted over to allow the insertion of the bails into the races ; each of these latter is cut away, slightly, at one point, nearly to the bottom of the race. When complete, the cage prevents any tendency of a ball to fall out. "Tormo" steel balls are used exclusively in all the

bearing, bearings of this type.

Chains.

The makers of chains for motor vehicles are represented by two companies of repute, namely, BRAMPTON BROTHERS, LIMITED, Of Oliver Street Works, Birmingham, and THE COVENTRY CHAIN COMPANY, LIMITED, Of Dale Street, Coventry. The latter company shows a complete row of chains, from the smallest sizes up to those with a pitch of 4 inches, and including those of 1:1-inch pitch, which are suitable for motorbus work. In addition to !hese, there are shown joining links, which, being cut out of the solid, are a special piece of work. On this stall are several sprocket wheels of mild steel, the pinion wheels being case-hardened special attention has been given both to the profile and spacing of the teeth of these, and it is claimed that this leads to a very considerable reduction in the noise caused by this part of a vehicle's

transmission. The former company shows a portion of a large chain, which is suitable for the double-sprocket main drive of a steam wagon, as well as chains with laminated side plates for use on motorbuses. The last-named of these consists of chains in which each plate is built up of two pieces, placed side by side; the extra mechanical work which the thinner plate receives, as well as the unlikelihood of a flaw occurring in each plate, causes this type of chain to be largely used. It is interesting to note that this company exports its chains to the Continent for use in motorbuses. At the same stall are several sprockets, brake drums, etc., which are made of a special malleable cast steel.

r Engines and Engine Details.

NrVIIITE AND Pores, LIMITED, Of Lockharst Lane, Coventry (Stand No. 260, has an interesting exhibit of engines, which are fitted with the company's new carburetter. The cylinders, throughout the range of powers, are identical with that of the smaller type, and the engines are built with one, two, three, four, five, or six cylinders, as may be desired, each cylinder being 8omm. in diameter, with a stroke of oomm., equivalent to 30.p. A new type, with four cylinders, is shown : it gives 24h,p. to soh.p., and is suitable for bus work. The cylinders, which are cast separately, are iromm. in diameter, with a stroke of r3ornm., whilst the engine runs at about 1,150

revolutions per minute. It is fitted with a positive-driven water pump, magneto table, and contact breaker (for battery and coil), the last-named part being driven by skew gear. In all these engines, the cranks are built up, and then ground to dead size, whilst real interchange is ensured, in all parts, by using jigs and by working to 20Ooth of an inch.

The carburetter, of which mention has been made, is the result of considerable experiment, the object being to obtain one definite proportion of petrol and air, at every point of the throttle movement, with a simultaneous variation in the size of the jet. The fuel orifice is arranged by means of a conical cap, with a V slot cut out of it from its centre, and this regulates the jet as required, the latter being slightly eccentric with the centre of the cone. This movement, of course, takes place at the same time that the shutters cut down the air, and close the throttle. We hope, shortly, to give an illustration and more detailed description of this interesting carburetter.

The Tylor engines, shown by J. TYLOR AND SONS, LIMITED, of 2, Newgate Street, London, E.C., and Belle Isle, King's Cross, N. (Stand No, 203), include two large engines, one of which is suitable for van work, and the larger

for a bus. These have, respectively, two and four cylinders, the diameter, in each case, being 5 inches, and the stroke 5t inches, whilst the engines, when running at 000 revolutions per minute, develop about t8h.p. and 3511.p.

respectively. The cylinders are cast separately, and the valves are placed on opposite sides; the top of the ample water-jacket is closed by a plate, in order to facilitate cleaning. The crankshafts are forged of special steel, and provided with a bearing between each crank. To these two engines, a system of forced lubrication is fitted, by means of which oil, at a pressure of 2o1b. per square inch, is forced both on to the main bearings and through holes in the crank cheeks on to the crank pins, the bearings of which are provided with grooves to allow the thorough lubrication of each portion.. White metal, in bronze bearings, is employed successfully. An increasing number of these Tyler engines are being ordered by heavy vehicle manufacturers, and we believe the company has very good prospects of competing favourably with foreign-built engines. THE PILURIMS WAY MOTOR COMPANY, LIMITED, of Farnham, Surrey (Stand No. 28), shows a car, which, although it has not, at present, been used as a commercial vehicle, has several points which lead one to believe that it might be sucessfully adapted for this work. The engine shown, which is the only size at present made, is of the horizontal type, and has four cylinders, cast separately, each 4A inches in diameter : the piston-stroke is 5 inches, By means of stirrups, the water pipes can be easily removed, whilst two nuts allow the valves to be taken off bodily, after which the exhaust valves may readily be removed. The water space round the cylinder and valves is large. A special point is made of the lubricating system : this consists of a small tank, into which oil is pumped at Solb. per square inch. Round the bottom of this tank are alt the oil pipes leading to the different journals, bearings, and bigends, and, by means of a disc revolving in this tank, the end of each of these pipes is uncovered in turn, as oil is forced into the tank, so that each bearing, in turn, receives its oil at high pressure. The surplus oil drains back to the inlet of the force pump, in addition to the cars shown upon this stand, a further exhibit is formed by a 2oh.p. Pilgrim engine, with one cylinder in section, showing the automechanical inlet valve.

Referring to the illustration, it will be seen that the valve (A) is superimposed upon the exhaust valve (B), so that it opens downwards. The seating of the valve (A) is part of a detachable box (C), into which the inlet pipe leads. In the upper part of the box is found a long guide (D) for the stem of the inlet valve (A) to work in. Outside the guide (D) is a sliding sleeve (E), and this carries a pair of cupped washers (F). Between the lower washer and a similar washer on the box (C) is a helical spring, which operates to press the sliding sleeve (E) upwards on the guide (D). Near the. upper end of the valve stem (A) is a rocking lever (3), which receives its motion from the twoto-one shaft by means of the rod (K). This form of valve has been in use for some time on the cars made by the company, and the claim that it neutralises the disadvantages of both the automatic and mechanically-operated form of valve appear to be well founded. The profile of the cam for operating the rocking lever is similar to that which actuates the exhaust valve, so that all cams are alike, each inlet cant being placed to lie 93 degrees behind its exhaust cam. The fact that the inlet valve opens, by reason of its own mass, as soon as there is the least suction upon it, will be evident, whilst the degree of its fall is regulated, by hand adjustment, as required, of the rod K.

ASTER, LIMITED, of 4, Princes Street, Hanover Square, London, W. (Stand No. 245), has a large range of engines, which are well worth a critical examination. Two deserve special attention, from a commercial-vehicle standpoint, one being the well-known 3oh.p. type, which has been favourably employed on buses and lorries, both in this country and on the Continent. The other engine is one of 4oh.p., the latest in design being both neat and compact, and fitted with forced lubrication% THE SIMMS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Laterno, of Welbeck Works, Kimberley Road, Willesden Lane, Kilburn, N.W. (Stand No. 246).—A fourcylinder engine is staged ; it has been specially designed for motorbus work, though equally suitable for powerful touring cars. The normal speed is Soo

revolutions per minute, at which rate about 3oh.p. is developed. The valves are mechanically operated by two camshafts, and a screw plug is placed over each valve for inspection purposes. A simple form of timing gear is adopted, and one which is most unlikely to get out of adjustment. A means is provided for testing the efficiency of each ignition plug separately. 'I he principal dimensions of the engine are as follow :—Diameter of cylinders, rzomm. ; piston's stroke, 135mm. ; height of engine from the bottom of the base chamber to the top of the ignition plugs, 26i inches; width over feet, 241 inches; length from the front end of the crankshaft to the rear end of the flywheel, 444 inches ; weight of engine complete in working order, 600lb. The workmanship is quite up to the usual high standard produced at the Welbeck Works, and the general proportions are strong and ample. This company shows, also, amongst other engines, one of its 12-15h.p. twocylinder type, which is especially suitable for one-ton vans, and to which purpose it is proposed to adapt it extensively during next year. This engine is neat and compact, and has cylinders 105mm. by 125mm., whilst the weight is about 400lb.• It is very similar to the engine described above, and has its pump and magneto gear driven, the gear wheels being enclosed. Lubrication of the big-ends is allowed for by oil dropping on them from the tank on the dash-board, the surplus oil being again pumped up from the bottom of the casing. In addition to the usual method of water cooling, the arms of the large fly-wheel fitted form vanes in a fan, which forces cold air round the engine.

High-tension and low-tension sets of the Simms-Bosch magnetos are on view ; they attract the usual attention and business.

A novelty in motor-engine design and one which may be extensively used on• commercial motors, is the " Duplex " engine shown by the MOTOR ENGINE AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, LIMITED, of 12-13, Henrietta Street, London, W.C. (Stand No. 154), of which we give an illustration of a section, drawn diagrammatically, in order to show the method of working more clearly. This view will allow the principle of the engine to be followed. The engine is a two-•cycle one, the charge of gas from the valves at the side, and air from the valves at the top, of the cylinders, being drawn into the larger or bottom portion of the cylinder on the down stroke, and then driven, on the up stroke, into the top of the opposite cylinder, where it, afterwards, is compressed and exploded. It will be seen that, when the charge is driven through the cross pipe, this pipe is full of pure air, and this passes through the cylinder, and out of the exhaust valve, which is always open, when uncovered by the top of the trunk piston, and so has a distinct scavenging action. This brief description will enable the reader to follow the working of the engine. There being one explosion for each cylinder, for every complete revolution, the weight and size of the engine can be reduced materially, whilst it is claimed that the difficulty of running a two-cycle engine at high speeds has been successfully overcome. On one of the cars shown, the engine speed has reached as high a point as 2,000 revolutions per minute. The design. and prospects of this engine are commented upon, favourably, by Dr. H. S. HeleShaw, F.R.S., in the current issue of our sister journal " The Motor."

The" Autoloc " manufactured by the AUTOLOC SYNDICATE, LIM ITF.D, of Church Ind, Finchley, London, N. (Stand No. 201), is designed to meet all cases where an absolute lock is required which can be easily and readily released. It does away with ratchet movements, and is, in some cases, replacing the ratchets, for controlling the throttle, which are so often fixed on the steering shafts of buses. Its action may be followed by referring to our illustration, which is one of the type in which two cams are employed. It will readily be seen that, supposing the inner portion to be fixed, any movement on the outer will only result in wedging two of the -balls between it and the inner piece, and the greater the tendency to move, the greater will be this wedging action. In this way an absolute lock is ensured. In order 10 free this lock, a spanner, with projections which fit between the two sets of balls on each side, is used, and, by this means, the balls are easily forced back, so that there is freedom between the two portions. In addition to the type shown in the illustration, which has two sets of balls, others are made with either one

or three sets of balls and. cams. The springs are, of course, used for keeping the balls pressed up against the inclined surfaces, so as instantly to prevent any movement in either direction.

Gears.

Under this comprehensive title, we propose to make a few notes on any exhibits of motor mechanism, other than the engine, which may be of interest to users of commercial vehicles.

One of the novelties of the show is the Lloyd patent cross-roller gear, which is fitted on the Quadrant cars by the QUADRANT CYCLE COMPANV, LIMITED, of Birmingham (Stand No. 5): this gear entirely dispenses with all teeth, and substitutes, in place of them, hardened steel rollers, which are slightly conical in shape, and run on pegs of high-grade steel. On a disc (C), as will be seen clearly on the diagrammatic illustration, are four concentric circles of these rollers, which correpond with the four speeds. They are driven, as required, by the lantern wheel (D), which has eight teeth, and which is shown on the right-hand side of the illustration : this lantern wheel is fixed on the main driving shaft (T). When changing gear, the lantern wheel is made to engage any of the circles of pegs that may be desired, and, to permit of this, the disc is allowed to recede while the small wheel is moved longitudinally. Reversing is arranged by means of a second lantern wheel (E), carried by the shaft (I), on the opposite side of the disc, and this can, also, be seen in the illustration, in the gear on view at the show, this wheel is masked on one side only. Under ordinary conditions, only one change of speed can be made at once, and this only when the clutch is out The procedure is to push over Jui change-speed lever, which arranges for the speed gear to be automatically changed the next time the clutch pedal

is depressed, when Iho gear immedi. ately changes. By means of a special lever the speed, when desired, can be changed, direct, from any one to any other of those available. The change, in any case, takes place by rolling contact between the two studs, and is said to be perfectly noiseless, and without wear, which qualities should render it peculiarly suitable for buses and vans. Our illustration shows the gear in a neutral position.

E. G. WRIGLEY AND COMPANY, LIMITED, of Foundry Lane Works, Soho, Birmingham (Stand No. 256), shows three of its change-speed boxes in operation, smoothness of running being ensured by accuracy of workman ship. One of these gears is of the ordinary sliding-tooth type, and, for the top drive, the wheel which has been used for the middle speed slides into the internal teeth cut in the wheel on the driven shaft, and gives a positive direct drive. Another of the gear boxes shown on this stand is on the " gate •' principle, but the second shaft is picked up or dropped, as desired, by means of the trigger on the side of the lever. This company shows, also, a live axle, in which the differential is supported on plain roller bearings, whilst the thrust is taken up by ball bearings. Bearings of this type are, also, used on the wheels and driving whilst there is a special arrangement for taking up back-lash. We shall, probably, give an illustration and further particulars of this back axle at a later date.

This stand, in addition, includes various examples of high-class gear wheels, of all descriptions, as well as high-speed twist drills and milling centres for gears, of which this company makes a speciality. A close examination of the various exhibits will well repay any time so .pent by visitors interested in the commerical vehicle.

DAVID BROWN AND SONS (H.F.D.), Limner), of Park Works, Huddersfield (Stand No. 259), is another company which shows a large variety of gears : these are beautifully made, of a special grade of steel. A speciality on this stand is an example of worm and wormwheel drive, which works with ideal sweetness. Those who have had practical experience with this gear predict an extended use of it in the near future. The makers have a stock of over 700 hobs, and are prepared to deal with any size, pitch, or diameter, whilst special grinding machines allow of the pitch of worms being corrected, in this manner, after hardening. The company has an extensive connection in commercial work for all classes of gear, and can give reasonably early delivery.